by Ph.F. Sexton et al., Nature, 2011

‘Hyperthermals’ are intervals of rapid, pronounced global warming known from six episodes within the Palaeocene and Eocene epochs (~65–34 million years (Myr) ago)^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}. The most extreme hyperthermal was the ~170 thousand year (kyr) interval² of 5–7 °C global warming³ during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 56 Myr ago). The PETM is widely attributed to massive release of greenhouse gases from buried sedimentary carbon reservoirs^{1, 3, 6, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17}, and other, comparatively modest, hyperthermals have also been linked to the release of sedimentary carbon^{3, 6, 11, 16, 17}

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Egalement, une synthèse en français